Mostrando postagens com marcador Hadrosauridae. Mostrar todas as postagens
Mostrando postagens com marcador Hadrosauridae. Mostrar todas as postagens

sexta-feira, 29 de janeiro de 2016

[Paleontology • 2016]  

Eotrachodon orientalis • A Primitive Hadrosaurid from southeastern North America and the Origin and Early Evolution of ‘Duck-billed’ Dinosaurs

Eotrachodon orientalis 
Prieto-Márquez, Erickson & Ebersole, 2016
ABSTRACT
Eotrachodon orientalis gen. et sp. nov. (latest Santonian of Alabama, southeastern U.S.A.) is one of the oldest and most basal hadrosaurid dinosaurs and the only hadrosaurid from Appalachia (present day eastern North America) with a preserved skull. This taxon possesses a relatively derived narial structure that was until now regarded as synapomorphic for saurolophine (solid-crested or crestless) hadrosaurids. Maximum parsimony analysis places E. orientalis as the sister taxon to Saurolophidae (Saurolophinae + Lambeosaurinae). Character optimization on the phylogeny indicates that the saurolophine-like circumnarial structure evolved by the Santonian following the split between saurolophines and lambeosaurines but prior to the major hadrosaurid radiation. Statistical dispersal-vicariance analysis posits an Appalachian ancestral area for Hadrosauridae and subsequent dispersal of their ancestors into Laramidia (present-day western North America) during the Cenomanian.
Prieto-Márquez, A., G. M. Erickson, and J. A. Ebersole. 2016. A Primitive Hadrosaurid from southeastern North America and the Origin and Early Evolution of ‘Duck-billed’ Dinosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. DOI:  10.1080/02724634.2015.1054495
Research team identifies rare dinosaur from Appalachia 
http://phy.so/372681843 via @physorg_com

domingo, 10 de janeiro de 2016

[Paleontology • 2016]  

Sirindhorna khoratensis | สิรินธรน่า โคราชเอนซิส • A New Basal Hadrosauroid Dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Khok Kruat Formation in Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Northeastern Thailand


สิรินธรน่า โคราชเอนซิส |  Sirindhorna khoratensis  Shibata, Jintasakul, Azuma & You, 2015

Fig 16. Skull of Sirindhorna khoratensis. (A) A composite skull reconstruction of Sirindhorna. Several elements are reversed. (B) Life restoration of the head of Sirindhorna by Yoko Ohnish.
Scale bar equals 10 cm. Dashed line indicates missing elements.
Abstract
A new basal hadrosauroid dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Khok Kruat Formation of Thailand, Sirindhorna khoratensis gen. et sp. nov is described. The new taxon is based on composite skull and mandible including premaxilla, maxilla, jugal, quadrate, braincases, predentary, dentaries, surangular, and maxillary and dentary teeth. It is diagnostic by such characters as, sagittal crest extending along entire dorsal surface of the parietal and reaching the frontoparietal suture (autapomorphy), transversely straight frontoparietal suture, caudodorsally faced supraoccipital, no participation of the supraoccipital in the foramen magnum, mesiodistally wide leaf-shaped dentary tooth with primary and secondary ridges on the lingual surface of the crown, perpendicularly-erected and large coronoid process of dentary, and nonvisible antorbital fossa of the maxilla in lateral view. Phylogenetic analysis revealed S. khoratensis as among the most basal hadrosauroids. Sirindhorna khoratensis is the best-preserved iguanodontian ornithopod in Southeast Asia and sheds new light to resolve the evolution of basal hadrosauriforms.
Introduction
Fossil records of non-hadrosaurid hadrosauriform dinosaurs in Asia have been accumulated in this century. Although these discoveries mainly came from China and Mongolia, new findings have been known from Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Japan and Thailand. However, well-preserved iguanodontian specimens were restricted in China and Mongolia; for instance, Jinzhousaurus yangi was known as the almost complete articulated skeleton found from Liaoning Province, Xuwulong yueluni was represented by an articulated skeleton without appendages from Gansu Province of China, and Probactrosaurus gobiensis from Inner Mongolia was described including several individuals of cranium and post cranial portions. In contrast, although two iguanodontians known from the Lower Cretaceous of Thailand, Siamodon (maxilla and referred braincase) and Ratchasimasaurus (dentary), none of them provides enough characters to discuss their phylogenies in detail. The new taxon in this study is known from extensive remains including a disarticulated skull and mandibles, and is much more complete than material of the aforementioned Thailand iguanodontians. This new material was collected from one locality of the Lower Cretaceous Khok Kruat Formation during the first term of Japan-Thailand Dinosaur Project (abbreviated as JTDP), including the preliminary excavation by NRRU in 2005. We describe this material and discuss its phylogenetic position based on a cladistic analysis.


Fig 1. Locality map and stratigraphic column for Sirindhorna.
(A) Map of Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand, (B) localities of Sirindhorna (star mark), Ratchasimasuarus (R) and Siamodon (S), (C) stratigraphic column for the Khorat Group.
Fig 3. Photo (A) and line drawing (B) of the left lateral side of the skull (NRRU3001-166).
Systematic Paleontology
Dinosauria Owen, 1842
Ornithischia Seeley, 1887
Iguanodontia Dollo, 1888 sensu Sereno, 2005 
Ankylopollexia Sereno, 1986 sensu Sereno, 2005 
Styracosterna Sereno, 1986 sensu Sereno, 2005 
Hadrosauriformes Sereno, 1997 sensu Sereno, 1998
Hadrosauroidea Sereno, 1986 sensu Sereno, 2005
Sirindhorna gen. nov.
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:40C4FBA5-455F-45AE-AD5A-33B6A6FB8723
Sirindhorna khoratensis, sp. nov.
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:54C342F2-EB92-4047-8F78-714025579CB5
Etymology: Dedication to the Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn, Thailand, for her contribution to the support and encouragement of paleontology in Thailand. The specific name comes from the name of the locality, Khorat, which is the informal name of Nakhon Ratchasima Province, northeastern Thailand.
Diagnosis: Basal hadrosauroid distinguished by an autapomorphy: sagittal crest extending along entire dorsal surface of the parietal and reaching the frontoparietal suture, and the following unique combination of characters: relatively straight frontoparietal suture, caudodorsally faced supraoccipital, no participation of the supraoccipital in the foramen magnum, antorbital fossa of the maxilla not visible, slightly rostrally deepening dentary ramus, simple troughs for dentary alveoli with vertical walls and tooth crown-shaped base, vertical coronoid process expanded along rostral and caudal margins, and dentary teeth with primary and secondary ridges but no accessory ridges.
Holotype: An articulated braincase comprising the supraoccipital, exoccipitals, opisthotics, prootics, parietals, frontals, basioccipital, basisphenoid orbitosphenoids, parasphenoid and laterosphenoids, with postorbitals and squamosals (NRRU3001-166)
Referred materials: Disarticulated elements of skull and mandibles: a braincase articulating with a left postorbital (NRRU-A2035), dorsal half of a braincase (NRRU3001-65), caudal portion of a braincase (NRRU3001-179), a right premaxilla (NRRU-A3623), a left maxilla (NRRU-A2048), a right maxilla (NRRU-A2047), a right jugal (NRRU3001-7), a right quadrate (NRRU3001-175), a predentary (NRRU3001-169), a left dentary (NRRU3001-14), a right dentary (NRRU3001-167), a right surangular (NRRU3001-137), isolated maxillary teeth (NRRU-A1956, A3630, A3649, NRRU3001-157, 163), an isolated dentary tooth (NRRU3001-28).
Locality and horizon: In Ban (meaning “village”) Saphan Hin, Suranaree Subdistrict, Muaeng Nakhon Ratchasima District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand. Lower Cretaceous (Aptian) Khok Kruat Formation.
Fig 15. Comparisons with other Thailand iguanodontians.
(A) Holotypic left maxilla of Siamodon, (B) holotypic right dentary of Ratchasimasaurus, (C) left maxilla of Sirindhorna (NRRU-A2048), (D) left dentary of Sirindhorna (NRRU3001-167).
Scale bars equal 10 cm.    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145904
Conclusions
The Early Cretaceous hadrosauroid dinosaur, Sirindhorna khoratensis, is described based upon cranial elements. This is the first report of well-preserved ornithopod skull in Southeast Asia (See reconstruction, in Fig 16). Sirindhorna shows general morphological features of hadrosauriforms, such as the low-triangle shaped maxilla, a broad leaf-shaped dentary tooth crown with one prominent primary and one secondary ridges, exclusion of the supraoccipital from the foramen magnum, and the closure of the antorbital fenestra. Uniquely, the craniocaudally-elongated parietals form a long saggital crest extending to the frontoparietal suture in Sirindhorna. Moreover, upper and lower jaws of Sirindhorna show evident differences from the other two Thailand hadrosauriforms, Siamodon nimingami and Ratchasimasaurus suranareae. Phylogenetic analysis recovers Sirindhorna as the most basal hadrosauroid.

Masateru Shibata, Pratueng Jintasakul, Yoichi Azuma and Hai-Lu You. 2015. A New Basal Hadrosauroid Dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Khok Kruat Formation in Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Northeastern Thailand. PLoS ONE. 10 (12): e0145904.  DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145904
 


โดยความร่วมมือของคณะสำรวจไทยจาก มหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏนครราชสีมา [Nakhon Ratchasima Rajabhat University: NRRU] และพิพิธภัณฑ์ไดโนเสาร์จังหวัดฟุกุอิ [Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum] ประเทศญี่ปุ่น ได้ศึกษาและขุดค้นภาคสนามที่ตำบลสุรนารี อำเภอเมืองนครราชสีมา จังหวัด นครราชสีมา ในชั้นตะกอนหินกรวดสีแดง ในหมวดชั้นหินโคกกรวด ซึ่งเป็นชั้นตะกอนหินที่ก่อตัวในช่วงต้นยุคครีเตเชียสเมื่อประมาณ 110 ล้านปีก่อน

การขุดค้นพบครั้งนี้ได้พบชิ้นส่วนฟอสซิ ลกระโหลกของไดโนเสาร์กินพืชกลุ่มออร์นิโธพอด ชิ้นกระดูกส่วนท้ายทอย ปลายจะงอยปากบน และกรามล่าง ซึ่งจากการศึกษาลักษณะเอกลักษณ์นั้น ฟอสซิลของไดโนเสาร์ตัวใหม่นี้มีลักษณะบางประการที่ดูคล้ายคลึงกับไดโนเสาร์ ในกลุ่มอิกัวโนดอน แต่มีลักษณะของปลายจะงอยปากทรงสามเหลี่ยมแบนที่เป็นลักษณะของกลุ่มฮาโดรซอร์ ที่พัฒนาขึ้น

. . . การค้นพบนี้คณะวิจัยได้ขอพระราชทานชื่อสายพันธุ์ไดโนเสาร์ชนิดใหม่นี้จาก สมเด็จพระเทพรัตนราชสุดาฯ สยามบรมราชกุมารี เพื่อเฉลิมพระเกียรติ โดยไดโนเสาร์สายพันธุ์นี้มีชื่อวิทยาศาสตร์ว่า สิรินธรน่า โคราชเอนซิส (Sirindhorna khoratensis) ซึ่งชื่อสายพันธุ์นั้นได้ใช้คำว่า โคราช ชื่อเดิมของจังหวัดนครราชสีมา 

สิรินธรน่า เป็นไดโนเสาร์กินพืชในกลุ่มฮาโดรซอร์ที่มีลักษณะโบราณมาก ซึ่งอาศัยอยู่ในช่วงเวลาและหมวดหินที่ใกล้เคียงกันอย่างไดโนเสาร์สายพันธุ์ สยามโมดอน (Siamodon nimingami) และราชสีมาซอรัส (Ratchasimasaurus suranareae) แม้ว่าการศึกษาจะระบุว่าสองสายพันธุ์ที่กล่าวมาจะอยู่ในกลุ่มอิกัวโนดอนมากกว่า

ฮาโดรซอร์ หรือไดโนเสาร์ปากเป็ดเป็นกลุ่มไดโนเสาร์กินพืชที่พัฒนาขนาดให้ใหญ่ขึ้นมากใน ช่วงปลายยุคครีเตเชียส ซึ่งเป็นหนึ่งในกลุ่มไดโนเสาร์กินพืชที่อาศัยอยู่ในภูมิภาคซีกโลกเหนืออย่าง เอเชีย-ยุโรป และอเมริกาเหนือ และสูญพันธุ์ในช่วงปลายยุคครีเตเชียส

quinta-feira, 1 de outubro de 2015

[Paleontology • 2015]  

Ugrunaaluk kuukpikensis • A New Arctic Hadrosaurid from the Prince Creek Formation (lower Maastrichtian) of northern Alaska

Ugrunaaluk kuukpikensis
Mori, Druckenmiller & Erickson, 2015
The Liscomb bonebed in the Price Creek Formation of northern Alaska has produced thousands of individual bones of a saurolophine hadrosaurid similar to Edmontosaurus; however, the specific identity of this taxon has been unclear, in part because the vast majority of the remains represent immature individuals. In this study, we address the taxonomic status of the Alaskan material through a comparative and quantitative morphological analysis of juvenile as well several near adult-sized specimens with particular reference to the two known species of Edmontosaurus, as well as a cladistic analysis using two different matrices for Hadrosauroidea. In the comparative morphological analysis, we introduce a quantitative method using bivariate plots to address ontogenetic variation. Our comparative anatomical analysis reveals that the Alaskan saurolophine possesses a unique suite of characters that distinguishes it from Edmontosaurus, including a premaxillary circumnarial ridge that projects posterolaterally without a premaxillary vestibular promontory, a shallow groove lateral to the posterodorsal premaxillary foramen, a relatively narrow jugal process of the postorbital lacking a postorbital pocket, a relatively tall maxilla, a relatively gracile jugal, a more strongly angled posterior margin of the anterior process of the jugal, wide lateral exposure of the quadratojugal, and a short symphyseal process of the dentary. The cladistic analyses consistently recover the Alaskan saurolophine as the sister taxon to Edmontosaurus annectens + Edmontosaurus regalis. This phylogenetic assessment is robust even when accounting for ontogenetically variable characters. Based on these results, we erect a new taxon, Ugrunaaluk kuukpikensis gen. et sp. nov. that contributes to growing evidence for a distinct, early Maastrichtian Arctic dinosaur community that existed at the northernmost extent of Laramidia during the Late Cretaceous.

Key words: Dinosauria, Hadrosauridae, Saurolophinae, Edmontosaurini, Ugrunaaluk, Edmontosaurus, ontogeny, Cretaceous, Prince Creek Formation, Arctic.
 Ugrunaaluk kuukpikensis illustrates a scene from ancient Alaska during the Cretaceous Period.
illustration: James Havens
Fig. 4. Cranial reconstruction of Ugrunaaluk kuukpikensis gen. et sp. nov. from the early Maastrichtian Prince Creek Formation in left lateral view.
Systematic Paleontology

Ornithischia Seeley, 1887
Ornithopoda Marsh, 1881
Hadrosauridae Cope, 1869
Saurolophinae Brown, 1914 sensu Prieto-Márquez, 2010a
Edmontosaurini Brett-Surman, 1989
Genus Ugrunaaluk nov.
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8B8256BA-F280-4460-B0F0-31762267586E
Etymology: Transliterated from the Alaskan Iñupiaq noun ugruŋnaq, referring to a grazing animal with a long set of grinding teeth, and the adjective -aluk, old. Literally, “ancient grazer”. Intended pronunciation: “oo-GREW-nah-luk”. The name honors the Alaskan Native Iñupiaq culture from the area where the type material was discovered.
Type species: Ugrunaaluk kuukpikensis sp. nov., monotypic
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1CAF186F-11A2-4A9E-A8F9-C3789B97459F 
Figs. 4–10. 

Etymology: The specific name is derived from the Iñupiaq word kuukpik, which refers to the Colville River, Alaska, USA along which the type material was found.

Type locality: Liscomb bonebed, along the Colville River, northern Alaska, USA. The exact location is on file with the Bureau of Land Management Arctic Field Office.

Type horizon: Upper portion of the Prince Creek Formation, lower Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous).
Fig. 2. Temporal distribution of Edmontosaurus species and the Prince Creek Formation taxon in the Late Cretaceous.

Conclusions
In this study, we; (i) identify and name a new taxon of saurolophine hadrosaurid, Ugrunaaluk kuukpikensis gen. et sp. nov. from the Prince Creek Formation of Alaska; (ii) demonstrate that skeletally immature specimens can be reliably used in addressing taxonomic problems within
Hadrosauridae based on a detailed understanding of the growth patterns of closely related taxa; and (iii) show that Ugrunaaluk kuukpikensis gen. et sp. nov. does not represent a juvenile form of either recognized species of Edmontosaurus. Further morphological description of the new Alaskan taxon and greater clarification of its differences from Edmontosaurus will require discovery of adult material from the Prince Creek Formation and/or description of other juvenile specimens from E. regalis and E. annectens.

The establishment of a new species of hadrosaurid, Ugrunaaluk kuukpikensis gen. et sp. nov. further clarifies the faunal composition of the Prince Creek Formation and contributes to a growing body of evidence that the paleo-Arctic hosted a distinct and endemic polar, early Maastrichtian dinosaurian fauna. Ongoing field work in the formation and taxonomic clarifications of existing material will help to further establish the faunal composition of the unit and add critical new data to test hypotheses of dinosaur provinciality in Laramidia during the latest Cretaceous.
Hirotsugu Mori, Patrick S. Druckenmiller, and Gregory M. Erickson. 2015. A New Arctic Hadrosaurid from the Prince Creek Formation (lower Maastrichtian) of northern Alaska. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. in press.  doi: 10.4202/app.00152.2015
  
Alaskan duck-billed dinosaur find spurs physiological mystery http://www.slashgear.com/alaskan-duck-billed-dinosaur-find-spurs-physiological-mystery-22405828/ via @slashgear
Newly discovered hadrosaur dino was one serious, cold-winter survivor