[PaleoMammalogy • 2016]
Ounalashkastylus tomidai • A New Desmostylian Mammal from Unalaska (USA) and the robust Sanjussen jaw from Hokkaido (Japan), with comments on feeding in derived desmostylids
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| Ounalashkastylus tomidai Chiba, Fiorillo, Jacobs, Kimura, Kobayashi,
Kohno, Nishida, Polcyn & Tanaka, 2016
Just as cattle assemble in a herd, and a group of fish is a school, multiple desmostylians constitute a “troll” — a designation selected to honor Alaskan Ray Troll, the artist who has most often depicted desmos.
blog.SMU.edu Art by Ray Troll DOI: 10.1080/08912963.2015.1046718
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Abstract
Derived members of the enigmatic mammalian order Desmostylia have molars
comprising appressed columns whose morphology does not render their
function in feeding simple to discern. Here we describe a new genus and species, Ounalashkastylus tomidai, more derived than Cornwallius but less derived than Desmostylus and Vanderhoofius,
which develop a hypertrophied medial eminence on the dentary
ontogenetically. Tooth morphology, vaulted palate and the medial
eminence, which can rise to the level of the occlusal surface of M2,
suggest that derived desmostylids clenched their teeth strongly while
employing suction during feeding, most likely on marine and coastal
plants.
Keywords: marine mammal, phylogeny, paleoecology, North Pacific
Systematic paleontology
Mammalia
Desmostylia
Desmostylidae
Ounalashkastylus tomidai new genus and species
Type specimen. MOTA 2004.009.03 nearly complete left dentary with C1,P4root, M1, and M2.
Etymology. Genus after the Aleut word Ounalashka, meaning ‘near the peninsula’, and from which Unalaska is derived; plus –stylus, Latin ‘column’, in reference to desmostylians. Specific name in honour of Dr. Yukimitsu Tomida, distinguished vertebrate paleontologist.
Diagnosis. Desmostylid differing from Ashoroa and more basal Desmostylia in having cylindrical, stylodont cuspsthat wear into rings of enamel surrounding exposed dentine;more derived than Cornwallius in having six or more cusps on lower molars; cheek teeth lower crowned (more primitive) than Desmostylus when compared at a similar minor stage of wear on homologous cusps and as shown by the curvature of the walls of the cylindrical cusps from the base of the crown toward the occlusal surface; less derived than Desmostylus and Vanderhoofius but similar to Cornwalliusin that erupted M3 does not lie in a trough developed by a medial eminence; M3 elongate compared to Desmostylus.
Type locality and age. Arriaga Quarry (now the site of a school), Unalaska, Unalaska Island, Alaska. Dutch Harbor Member, Unalaska Formation. The geological setting and age were discussed by Jacobs et al. (2007) who concluded that geological and biochronological limits (excluding the evolutionary stage of Ounalashkastylus) lay between 24.1 and 13 Ma, but that the locality most likely falls near the Oligocene-Miocene boundary (23.03 Ma), or slightly younger.
Kentaro Chiba, Anthony R. Fiorillo, Louis L. Jacobs, Yuri Kimura,
Yoshitsugu Kobayashi, Naoki Kohno, Yosuke Nishida, Michael J. Polcyn and
Kohei Tanaka. 2016. A New Desmostylian Mammal from Unalaska (USA) and
the robust Sanjussen jaw from Hokkaido (Japan), with comments on feeding
in derived desmostylids.
Historical Biology. 28(1-2); 289–303. DOI: 10.1080/08912963.2015.1046718
Historical Biology. 28(1-2); 289–303. DOI: 10.1080/08912963.2015.1046718
New fossils intensify mystery of short-lived, toothy mammals unique to ancient North Pacific
Oddball creature, Desmostylia, from
waters where “Deadliest Catch” TV show is filmed, ate like a vacuum
cleaner and is new genus and species of the only order of marine mammals
ever to go extinct — surviving a mere 23 million years
Extinct Hippolike Creature Was Prehistoric Vacuum Cleaner https://shar.es/16ADEY via @LiveScience
The Archaeology News Network: New fossils of short-lived, toothy mammal found in ancient North Pacific http://archaeologynewsnetwork.blogspot.com/2015/10/new-fossils-intensify-mystery-of-short.html
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