[PaleoOrnithology • 2016]

[PaleoOrnithology • 2016] 

Dromornis murrayi • The Extinct Flightless Mihirungs (Aves, Dromornithidae): Cranial Anatomy, A New Species, and Assessment of Oligo-Miocene Lineage Diversity

ABSTRACT

Giant flightless fowl (Aves, Dromornithidae) similar to the Northern Hemisphere gastornithids and weighing up to 350–650 kg evolved on Gondwana and existed in what is now Australia from the Eocene to the late Quaternary. Understanding cranial morphology of dromornithids has until now been based almost wholly on species of Dromornis, with that of species in three other genera either previously unknown or very fragmentary. Here we rectify this deficiency and describe a well-preserved cranium from the middle Miocene Bullock Creek Local Fauna referred to Ilbandornis woodburnei, rich, fragmentary crania, quadrates, pterygoids, and mandibles for the Oligo-Miocene Barawertornis tedfordi Rich, and additional material of the species of Ilbandornis. The morphological similarity of this cranial material suggests that the emu-sized B. tedfordi is a smaller precursor to and differs little from species of Ilbandornis. Dromornis murrayi, n. sp., from late Oligocene–Early Miocene sites at Riversleigh, based on cranial and postcranial elements, is the oldest and smallest species in its genus. Placed in the context of other data, these observations suggest that the dromornithids comprised only two lineages throughout the Oligo-Miocene. The Barawertornis-Ilbandornis lineage attained maximum diversity in the middle Miocene Bullock Creek and late Miocene Alcoota local faunas (LF), with two species in each, but the Dromornis lineage seems to have been monotypic throughout its temporal range. The low diversity of these giant galloanseres in Australia mirrors that of the giant herbivorous ratites (ostriches and kin), which similarly have low diversity where they coevolved with diverse mammalian faunas.

Dromornis murrayi, A newly discovered flightless bird, reached 1.5 metres high and weighed up to 250 kilograms.

Illustration: Brian Choo/ Flinders University

Trevor H. Worthy, Warren D. Handley, Michael Archer and Suzanne J. Hand. 2016. The Extinct Flightless Mihirungs (Aves, Dromornithidae): Cranial Anatomy, A New Species, and Assessment of Oligo-Miocene Lineage Diversity. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology.  DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2015.1031345

ResearchGate.net/publication/295198845_The_extinct_flightless_mihirungs_Aves_Dromornithidae_cranial_anatomy_a_new_species_and_assessment_of_Oligo-Miocene_lineage_diversity

http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:591C910A- 882F-46B6-900D-20078E5A537B

Researcher discovers ancestor of biggest bird ever http://phy.so/375346820 via @physorg_com

Dromornis murrayi http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-02-19/dromornis-murrayi/7185478 via @ABCNews

[PaleoOrnithology • 2015]

[PaleoOrnithology • 2015] 

A Mesozoic Bird from Gondwana preserving Feathers

The 2011 finding is now the oldest known bird from Brazil. The fossil shows exceptional preservation of the bird's ribbonlike tail feathers.

(Image: Ismar de Souza Carvalho)

The fossil record of birds in the Mesozoic of Gondwana is mostly based on isolated and often poorly preserved specimens, none of which has preserved details on feather anatomy. We provide the description of a fossil bird represented by a skeleton with feathers from the Early Cretaceous of Gondwana (NE Brazil). The specimen sheds light on the homology and 3D structure of the rachis-dominated feathers, previously known from two-dimensional slabs. The rectrices exhibit a row of rounded spots, probably corresponding to some original colour pattern. The specimen supports the identification of the feather scapus as the rachis, which is notably robust and elliptical in cross-section. In spite of its juvenile nature, the tail plumage resembles the feathering of adult individuals of modern birds. Documentation of rachis-dominated tail in South American enantiornithines broadens the paleobiogeographic distribution of basal birds with this tail feather morphotype, up to now only reported from China.

An artist's interpretation of an Enantiornithes [UFRJ-DG 031 Av]

(Image: Deverson Pepi)

Systematic paleontology

Aves Linnaeus, 1758 

Ornithothoraces Chiappe, 1996 

Enantiornithes Walker, 1981

Euenantiornithes Chiappe and Walker, 2002

Indeterminate genus and species

A drawing of the 115-million-year-old fossilized bird uncovered in northeastern Brazil. Researchers are waiting to give the bird a new genus and species, but said it fits into the Enantiornithes group, which encompasses a large diversity of birds that lived during the time of the dinosaurs.

(Image: Gabriel Lio)

Figure 1: Main slab and interpretative drawing of specimen UFRJ-DG 031 Av.

Referred material

UFRJ-DG (Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Department of Geology collection) 031 Av, partial skeleton of a possible juvenile specimen preserved in slab and counterslab, including poorly preserved skull bones, fore- and hindlimbs, portions of vertebral column, and most of both pectoral and pelvic girdles. The skeleton is exposed in lateral view, but the proximal caudal vertebrae and pygostyle are exposed dorsally. The same applies to the tail feathers, attached to the pygostyle.

The very small body size, large orbit, elongate caudal series, poorly developed proximal humerus and distal ends of other long bones (femur, tibia), as well as the lack of fusion in the metatarsus indicates that the specimen is probably a juvenile.

Locality and horizon

Pedra Branca Mine, Nova Olinda County, Ceará State, Brazil (7° 6′51.9″S, 39° 41′46.9″W). Araripe Basin, Crato Formation (Early Cretaceous, Aptian). This formation has yielded abundant and exceptionally preserved fossils of a large variety of plants and animals, representing one of the best well-known terrestrial ecosystems for the Early Cretaceous. Isolated feathers probably belonging to birds have been described from these beds, as well as succinct reports on avian skeletons associated with poorly preserved feathers.

  

Ismar de Souza Carvalho, Fernando E. Novas, Federico L. Agnolín, Marcelo P. Isasi, Francisco I. Freitas and José A. Andrade. 2015. A Mesozoic Bird from Gondwana preserving Feathers. Nature Communications. DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8141

Photos: Dinosaur-Era Bird Sported Ribbonlike Feathers

http://www.livescience.com/51035-photos-bird-ribbonlike-feathers.html