Pan the chimp, and Homo, the human, compared to their mutual ancestor, Proconsul.

Proconsul africanus (Hopwood 1933a, b; 18-14 mya) was preceded by Macaca and succeeded by Ardipithecus and Pan. Proconsul (aka Dryopithecus) looked, and probably acted, very much like a chimpanzee. It had a flatter face, a larger size and probably a shorter, stiffer lower back. Proconsul lacked a tail. The skull was round and smooth on top, like a monkey's skull. The hands were similar to those of a human. They had not yet evolved into the long-fingered, short-thumbed hooks of living apes. So rather than walking on its knuckles, Proconsul likely continued to walk on its palms. A new form of locomotion was invented at this time, brachiation. Hanging by the hands from overhead branches was enabled by looser arm joints. Apes can brachiate below branches that are far too thin to walk upon, typically in order to reach fruit that would otherwise be too far out of reach. Brachiators have a wide chest, not a deep one. A smaller spinal ridge makes it more comfortable for apes to sit against tree trunks and in chairs.

Oreopithecus bambolii (Gervais 1872; Pliocene, 9–7 mya) is an extinct European ape with a short torso, small canines and long limbs. The hand and pelvis proportions were similar to those of hominins (humans and their bipedal kin) by convergence. The foot was not.

Gervais P 1872. Sur un singe fossile d'un espèce non ancore décrite, qui a été découvert au monte Bamboli. Comptes Rendues de l’Académie des Sciences Paris, 74: 1217-1223. Hopwood AT 1933a. Miocene primates from British East Africa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 10), 11, 96-98. Hopwood AT 1933b. Miocene primates from Kenya. Journal of the Linnean Society of London. Zoology 38:437–464. Köhler M and Moya-Sola S 2003. La evolución de Oreopithecus bambolii Gervais, 1872 (Primates, Anthropoidea) y la condición de insularidad. Coloquios de Paleontología, Vol. Ext. 1 (2003) 443-458 wiki/Proconsul wiki/Oreopithecus