Fairbanks scientists stunned to find intact 40,000-year-old steppe bison - 2020

Enquanto raspava a sujeira fria dos restos de um bisonte extinto, Pam Groves torceu o nariz com um cheiro de ovo podre flutuando da cartilagem que ainda se agarrava aos ossos do animal. Ela levantou a cabeça para examinar o horizonte, cautelosa com os ursos que poderiam ser atraídos pela carne de uma criatura que ofegou seu último suspiro, 40.000 anos atrás.

No tipo de descoberta com a qual sonham há anos, Groves e Dan Mann, ambos pesquisadores da Universidade do Alasca Fairbanks, no verão de 2012, encontraram no banco de degelo de um rio do norte quase todo o esqueleto de um bisão de estepe que morreu durante o última era glacial.

Em um trabalho aventureiro patrocinado pelo Bureau of Land Management, Mann e Groves andam de barco pelos rios solitários do norte há 15 anos procurando ossos dispersos de mamíferos da era do gelo, sempre esperando encontrar um esqueleto completo ou múmia de mamute, cavalo ou americano. leão. Em meados de junho, em um trecho familiar de rio que flui para o norte na encosta norte do Alasca, eles contornaram uma curva do rio e viram o crânio de um grande bisonte preso em um arbusto de salgueiro. Crânio de cabeça para baixo.

Groves described the scene: “We were paddling downriver, battling through a nasty squall of hail and wind, thinking about our camping spot about a mile downriver,” she said. “When the hail was just breaking up, we saw the upside-down skull with the lower jaw still attached. The teeth were really white. They stood out.”

The pair landed their inflatable canoe at the base of the 60-foot bluff. Even before they stepped out in their rubber boots, Groves spotted other bones that told her this wasn’t an ordinary site. Though this ever-changing wall had yielded many bones over the years, those were scattered remains of ice-age creatures separated by meandering river action and the crumbling and re-forming of permafrost-cemented bluffs. Mann said their typical discoveries resemble “Pleistocene in a blender.”

“It’s really unusual to find bones that are still articulated (together),” he said. “We’ve never found anything this intact before. I think it’s really exciting when we find single lion bones.”

Groves and Mann spent the next four hours carefully removing soil from the skull. When Mann lifted it out, the spread of the steppe bison’s horns was 43 inches. The record Boone and Crockett modern bison has a horn tip spread of 27 inches. Fairbanks expert on Pleistocene animals Dale Guthrie estimated this bison, which Mann and Groves have nicknamed “Bison Bob,” was a 12-year-old male.

After stowing the skull safely in the front of their canoe, Groves and Mann camped for the night. When they returned to the site, they saw more bones sticking out of frozen bluff sediments. Bones of each leg were still connected by ligaments. Reddish-brown hair clung to some bones.

“When I saw the fur, that’s when I really got excited,” Mann said.

Transporting skull by helicopter

The pair worked the bluff for the next three days, pulling up buckets of river water to thaw the pieces of their rare find. They ended up finding every piece of the animal’s skeleton except for a left shoulder blade.

With a few hundred bison parts attracting blowflies in their camp, Mann and Groves awaited a helicopter they had called to transport the bison to somewhere safer.

Shortly after their find, they used a satellite phone to try and contact archaeologist Mike Kunz, their longtime collaborator at the Bureau of Land Management. Kunz is interested in the ancient Paleoindians that once lived on Alaska’s North Slope and what might have caused both them and bison to disappear about 10,000 years ago. Bad weather kept Kunz pinned down at the archaeological site he was digging several hundred miles away, but a helicopter arrived near Mann and Groves and transported Bison Bob to a North Slope BLM camp. There, someone put the bones in a predator-proof case.
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