Genômica populacional de adaptação bacteriana do hospedeiro

• Samuel K. Sheppard,
• David S. Guttman &
• J. Ross Fitzgerald 

Nature Reviews Geneticsvolume 19, pages549–565 (2018) | Download Citation

Abstract

Algumas bactérias podem ser transferidas para novas espécies hospedeiras, o que representa um risco para a saúde humana. De fato, estima-se que 60% de todos os patógenos humanos tenham se originado de outras espécies animais.

Da mesma forma, as transições de humanos para animais são reconhecidas como uma grande ameaça à produção animal sustentável, e os patógenos emergentes impõem uma carga crescente sobre o rendimento das culturas e a segurança alimentar global. Avanços recentes em tecnologias de sequenciamento de alto rendimento permitiram análises genômicas comparativas de populações bacterianas de múltiplos hospedeiros.

Tais estudos estão fornecendo novos insights sobre os processos evolutivos que sustentam o estabelecimento de bactérias em novos nichos hospedeiros. Uma melhor compreensão da base genética e mecanicista da adaptação bacteriana do hospedeiro pode revelar novos alvos para o controle da infecção ou informar o planejamento de abordagens para limitar o surgimento de novos patógenos.

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